قانونگذاری در فضای سایبر: رویکرد حقوق بین‌الملل و حقوق ایران

ضیایی, سید یاسر; شکیب نژاد, احسان

doi:10.22066/cilamag.2017.27971

قانونگذاری در فضای سایبر: رویکرد حقوق بین‌الملل و حقوق ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ عضو هیئت علمی گروه حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه قم

² کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه قم

10.22066/cilamag.2017.27971

چکیده

از بدو ورود فضای سایبر به زندگی بشریت، مقوله قانونگذاری و شناخت قانونگذار صالح در این فضا، چالش جدی بوده است. شیوه قانونگذاری در فضای سایبر، مبتنی بر دو نوع نگرش متفاوت به حاکمیت در فضای سایبر است. نگرش نخست، مبتنی بر انحصار دولتها در عرصه قانونگذاری فضای سایبر است و نگرش دوم که ملهم از دکترین میراث مشترک بشریت است، مخالف ورود انحصاری دولتها به این عرصه است. هر یک از این دو رویکرد، موجد روش‌های قانونگذاری مختلفی در فضای سایبر است. روش‌های قانونگذاری ملی، بین‌المللی و خودانتظامی در زمره روشهای قانونگذاری در فضای سایبر به شمار می‌آیند. اگرچه توسل به هر یک از روشهای قانونگذاری با اشکالاتی در عرصه اجرا روبه‌روست، در این میان می‌توان رویکردی بینابین و مختلط را برگزید تا ضمن رفع نواقص دیگر روشها، زمینه را برای نیل به تفاهم میان کشورها و گروههای فعال در زمینه فضای سایبر هموار سازد. نگرش دولت جمهوری اسلامی ایران، اساساً مبتنی بر شیوه قانونگذاری ملی است. بااینحال، عملکرد ایران در سطح بین‌المللی و بهویژه در اتحادیه بین‌المللی مخابرات، حاکی از پذیرش روش مختلط در قانونگذاری در فضای سایبر است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Legislation in Cyberspace from the Prospect of International Law and the Iranian Law

نویسندگان [English]

Yasser Ziaei ¹
Ehsan Shakibnejad ²

¹ Assistant Professor, International Law Department, Qom University

² MA in International Law, Qom University

چکیده [English]

Since the advent of cyberspace in human life, the issues of legislation and recognition of competent legislative power have been two controversial matters. The method of legislation for cyberspace is based on two hypotheses about governance in cyberspace. The first theory is based on States’ monopoly in governance on cyberspace and the second theory which is inspired of the doctrine of Common Heritage of Mankind is contrary with exclusive competence of States to this field. Each of these two approaches causes different methods of legislation for cyberspace. The methods of national, international and self-regulation legislation are in the category of legislative methods for cyberspace. Although resort to each of legislative methods will face with difficulties in execution stage, it is possible to adopt a balanced and mixed approach capable of resolving the defects of all methods and also providing mutual understanding between states and active groups in fields of cyberspace. The Islamic Republic of Iran approach is fundamentally based on the method of national legislation in cyberspace, but the activity of Iran in international community and in particular International Telecommunication Union indicates acceptance of mixed method in legislation for cyberspace.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Cyberspace
Legislation
Jurisdiction of Legislation
Doctrine of Common Heritage of Mankind
Law of Iran

مراجع

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