The Limitation of Time and Scope: A Step towards the Humanization of Sanctions

- Articles

• Andreas, Peter, “Criminalizing, Consequences of Sanctions: Embargo Busting and Its Legacy”, International Studies Quarterly (2005), http://www.ceu.hu/polsci/Illicit-Trade.
• Brabant, Koenraad Van, “Can Sanctions be Smarter? The Current Debate”, Overseas Development Institute, Report of the Conference Held in London, 16-17 December 1998, available at www. seco. admin. ch/themen/html
• Brzoska, Michael “Measuring the Effectiveness of Arms Embargoes”, Peace Economics, Peace Science and Public Policy 14 (2), (2008): article 2.
• Craven, Matthew, “Humanitarianism and the Quest for Smarter Sanctions”, European Journal of International Law (EJIL), vol. 13, No. 1, (2002).
• Davidson, Elias, “The Mechanism of Economic Sanctions: Changing Perceptions and Euphemisms”, March 2002 (Rev. November 2003), available at www.aldeilis.net/english/attachments/2877-econsanc-debate. pdf.
• Drezner, Daniel W., “Sanctions Sometimes Smart: Targeted Sanctions in Theory and Practice”, International Studies Review 13, (2011).
• Fitzgerald, Peter L, “Managing Smart Sanctions against Terrorism Wisely”, New England Law Review 36, (2002).
• Geiss, Robin, “Humanitarian Safeguards in Economic Sanctions Regime: A Call for Automatic Suspension Clauses, Periodic Monitoring, and Follow-Up Assessment of Long-Term Effects”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, vol. 18, Spring 2005.
• Kochler, Hans (Ed) “Economic Sanctions and Development, Introductory Remarks”, International Progress Organization, Studies in International Relations, vol. XXIII, Vienna (1997), http://www.i-p-o.org.
• Kroft, Steve “Unlikely Terrorists on No Fly List, CBS 60 Minutes, (June 7, 2007), at: http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/10/05/60minutes/ main2066624. shtml.
• Lennon, Shuna, “Sanctions, Genocide and War Crimes”, A Paper Presented to the International Law Association on 29 February 2000, at http://www.zmag.org/crisescurEvts/Iraq/Sanctions.htm.
• Magnusson, Finner, “Targeted Sanctions and Accountability of the United Nations Security Council”, University of Vienna, Faculty of Law, June 2008, available at www.ils.univie.ac.at/. . . /user. . . /SC_ Terrorist.
• Manchak, Benjamine, “Comprehensive Economic Sanctions, the Right to Development, and Constitutionally Impermissible Violations of International Law”, Third World Law Journal, Boston College, Volume 30/Issue 2, 2010, available at www. lawdigitalcommons. bc. edu/twlj/vol30/iss2/7
• Marks, Stephen, “The Human Rights to Development: Between Rhetoric and Reality”, Harvard Human Rights Journal, Issue 17, spring 2004, at http://www. law. harvard. edu.
• Pantuliano, Sara et al, “Counter-terrorism and Humanitarian Action”, HPG Policy Brief 43, (Humanitarian Policy Group), October 2011, available at www.odi.org.uk/resources/docs/7347.pdf.
• Paul, James A., “Sixteen Policy Recommendations on Sanctions”, Proposed at a forum of German Parliamentarians in Bonn, global policy forum, 31 March 1998, at http://www.globalpolicyorg/Security /Sanctions/ jpreccs.Htm.
• Peksen, Dursun, “Better or Worse? The Effect of Economic Sanctions on Human Rights”, Journal of Peace Research 46 (1), (2009).
• Rennack, Dianne E. and Robert D. Shuey, “Sudan: Economic Sanctions”, CRS Report for Congress. October 2005, available at: www.fpc.state. gov/documents/organization/55628.pdf.
• Shagabutdinova, Ella and Jeffrey berejikian, “Deploying Sanctions While Protecting Human Rights: Are Humanitarian Smart Sanctions Effective?” Journal of Human Rights 6, (2007).
• Sponeck, Hans-c Von, “Iraq Sanctions: What Options Did UN Security Council Have?” Paper Presented in the Hiroshima Peace Institute (2006), The Brussels Tribunal, at: http://brusselstribunal. Org/ sponecksanctions. htm.
• Sponeck, H. C. Graf, “Sanctions and Humanitarian Exemptions: A Practitioner`s Commentary”, European Journal of International Law (EJIL), vol. 13, No. 1. (2002).
• Terlingen, Yvonne, “The United States and UN's Targeted Sanctions of Suspected Terrorists: What Role for Human Rights?” Ethics & International Affairs, vol. 24/2, Summer 2010.
• Tostensen, Arne & Beate Bull, “Are Smart Sanctions Feasible?” World Politics 54, April 2002.

- Documents and Regulations

• Declaration on the Basic Conditions Standard Criteria for the Introduction and Implementation of Sanction and Other Coercive Measures: Revised Working Paper, U. N. GAOR, Special Comment on the Charter of the U.N. and on the Strengthening of the Role of the Organization, U. N. Doc A/Ac. 182/L. 114/Rev. (2004).
• Effects of the Security Council Sanctions on the Health Situation of the Population of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, UN Doc. S/ 1994/ 506 (1994). ol. 13, No. 1. (2002).
• Note by the Secretary-General, U.N. on the Impact of Armed Conflict on Children, UN. GAOR, 51^st Seas. 128, U. N. Doc. A/51/ 306 (1996).
• Report of the Second Panel Established Pursuant to the Current Humanitarian Situation in Iraq. U.N. SCOR, 54^th Sess. 58 UN. Doc. S/ 1999/ 356 (1999).
• Comprehensive Iran Sanction, Accountability, and Divestment Act of 2010 (CISADA), available at: <http://www.treasury.gov>.
• Joint Plan of Action, Iran & E3/EU+3, Geneva, November 24, 2013.
• S/Res/ 253 (1968)
• S/Res /986 (1995)
• S/Res/1022 (1995)
• S/ Res/1298 (2000)
• S/Res/ 1306 (2000)
• S/Res/1333 (2000)
• S/Res/1425 (2002)
• S/Res. 1737 (2006)
• S/Res/1904 (2009)
• S/Res/1970 (2011)
• The Bank of England Consolidated List of Financial Sanctions Targets (Full List),http://www.bankofengland.co.uk/publications/financialsanctions/sanctionsconlist.htm.
• The U. N. Consolidated List of Individuals and Entities Belonging to or Associated with the Taliban and Al-Qaida Organization as Established and Maintained by the 1267 Committee, at: http://www.un.org/Docs/sc/ committees/1267/tablelist. htm.
• The UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee, General Comment 8 (1997), “The Relationship between Economic Sanctions and Respect for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights” 12 December 1997, at para. 4, UN Doc. HRI/ GEN/ 1/ Rev. 6, 12 May 2003.
• The UN Economic, Social and Cultural Rights Committee, General Comment 12 (1999) “The Right to Adequate Food (Art. 11)”, 12 May 1999, at para. 37, UN Doc. HRI/ GEN/ 1/ Rev. 6, 12 May 2003.