International Law Review

International Law Review

Intergenerational Justice in International Environmental Law

Document Type : academic

Authors
Mohsen Mohebi 1
Faranak Feizollahi 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
2 PhD Student in International Law, Faculty of Law, Theology and Political Science, Azad University, Tehran Science and Research Branch
10.22066/cilamag.2021.243887
Abstract
Throughout history, justice has been regarded as the object of legal knowledge, and in terms of value, it has been defined as comprehensive of values. However, the scope and subject matter of justice are less deliberated. The question of this kind of justice in recent years - in the light of technological advances and the expansion of human hands in nature and, consequently, the danger of destroying the natural and human environment - has become particularly important. Intergenerational justice is trying to make the current generation recognize the right of future generations in natural resources and the environment and to find a way out of the current world of destruction. This effort, of course, has been somewhat effective and has been able to open the door to special literature on international environmental law in international political and judicial institutions. However, such justice cannot yet be considered one of the binding rules for the implementation of existing international law. Intergenerational justice is, at best, a doctrine to move existing rights toward desirable rights and to interpret the rules of international law in a fair and just manner based on the needs of the international community as a whole, which must move towards preserving the common heritage of mankind.
Keywords
Intergenerational Justice
International Environmental Law
Erga omnes Obligations
Lex lata
Lex ferenda

  • الف. فارسی

    ـ کتاب

    • ایران‌نژاد پاریزی، فاطمه؛ توسعة پایدار و میراث بومی ـ محلی در حقوق بین‌الملل، میزان، 1395.
    • ترنر، گری و همکاران؛ اقتصاد محیط‌زیست، ترجمه: سیاوش دهقانیان، مشهد، دانشگاه فردوسی، 1384.
    • کک دین، نگوین، پاتریک دییه و آلن پله؛ حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، ترجمه، مقدمه و پیوست‌ها: حسن حبیبی، اطلاعات، جلد دوم، 1382.

     

    ـ مقاله

    • پورهاشمی، سید‌عباس، فرهاد دبیری، یلدا خلعتبری و سحر زارعی؛ «شکل‌گیری و توسعة مفهوم حقوق نسل‌های آینده در حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست»، فصلنامة علوم و تکنولوژی محیط‌زیست، دورة 18، شمارة 3، پاییز 1395.
    • دبیری، فرهاد، سید‌عباس پورهاشمی و روستا فخرالضحی؛ «بررسی اصول و مفاهیم حقوق بین‌الملل محیط‌زیست با نگاهی به توسعة پایدار»، فصلنامة علوم و تکنولوژی محیط‌زیست، دورة یازدهم، شمارة 3، پاییز 1388.
    • رمضانی قوام­آبادی، محمد‌حسین و حسن شفیق فرد؛ توسعة پایدار و حق بر محیط‌زیست سالم: چشم‌انداز نسل‌های آینده، فصلنامة سیاست جهانی، دورة پنجم، شمارة اول، بهار 1395.
    • رمضانی قوام‌آبادی، محمد‌حسین، مهرداد محمدی و محمد حسینی؛ «تأملی بر وضعیت حقوقی دولت‌ها در استناد به مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت با تأکید بر قضیة صید نهنگ» مجلة مطالعات حقوقی دانشگاه شیراز، دورة نهم، شمارة دوم، تابستان 1396.
    • محسن محبی و وحید رضادوست؛ «تفسیر تکاملی معاهدات در حقوق بین‌الملل در پرتو قضیة اختلاف در خصوص کشتی­رانی و حقوق مربوط به آن (کاستاریکا علیه نیکاراگوئه)»، مجلة حقوقی بین‌المللی، شمارة 53، پاییز و زمستان 1394.

     

    ب. انگلیسی

    - Books

    • Chet Tremmel, Joerg, Handbook of Intergenerational Justice, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2006.
    • Dupuy, Pierre-Marie, and Jorge E. Viñuales. International Environmental Law. 2nd Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2018. doi:10.1017/9781108399821.
    • French, Duncan and Kotzé, Louis J., Sustainable Development Goals: Law, Theory and Implementation, Edward Elgar Publishing, 2018.
    • Islam, Nahid, The Law of Non-navigational Uses of International Watercourses: Options for Regional Regime – Building in Asia, Kluwer Law International, 2010.
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    • Schrijver, Nico, Sovereignty over Natural Resources: Balancing Rights and Duties, Cambridge University Press, 2008.
    • Schrijver, Nico J. and Weiss, Friedl, International Law and Sustainable Development: Principles and Practice (Developments in International Law), Martinus Nijhoff Publishers, 2004.

    - Articles

    • Weiss, Edith Brown, "In Fairness to Future Generations and Sustainable Development", American University International Law Review, Vol. 8, Issue 1, 1992.
    • -, “Climate Change, Intergenerational Equity, and International Law”, Vermont Journal of Environmental Law, Vol. 9, 2008.
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    • Weiss, Edith Brown, “Establishing Norms in a Kaleidoscopic World. General Course on Public International Law”, RCADI, 2019.
    • Williams, David. “Adam Smith and Colonialism.” Journal of International Political Theory, Vol. 10, Issue 3: https://doi.org/10.1177/1755088214539412.
    • Wood, Stepen, "Transboundary Harm in International law: Lessons from the Trial Smelter Arbitration", Osgoode Hall Law Journal, Vol. 45, No. 3, 2007.

     

    - Instruments

    • Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural-UNESCO World Heritage Center.
    • Convention on Biological Diversity1992, RIO
    • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals CMS-BON (1979).
    • Dehli Declaration on Principles of International Law Relation to Sustainable Development, April 2002.
    • London Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping of Wastes and Other Matter, 1972.
    • The Strasbourg Resolution 1975, Article 3, about Final Resolution of the Economic United Nations Conference on the Man and Environment (Stockholm Declaration) Stockholm- 1972.
    • Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer, 1985.

     

    - Cases

    • Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company, Limited (Belgium v. Spain); Preliminary Objections, International Court of Justice (ICJ), 24 July 1964.
    • Maritime Delimitation in the Area between Greenland and Jan Mayen (Denmark v. Norway), Judgment of 14 June 1993, I.C.J. Rep. 1993 , Judge Weeramantry, Separate Opinion at 277.
    • Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand Intervening), Separate Opinion, Judge Cançado Trindade, ICJ Report, 2014.

  • Receive Date 28 September 2019
  • Revise Date 24 April 2020
  • Accept Date 03 May 2021