Human trafficking is a serious organized crime. In recent years, the number of victims for various reasons has been increased and the crime has become one of the most important threats against the international community, which requires international attentions to the methods to combat this important crime, such as legislative actions in forms of certain rules and regulations. This article, first, reviews the importance of this crime in human communities and thenexamines the laws and regulations in Iranian legal system enacted to combat human trafficking in light of international human rights law. The article, in particular, studies the laws regarding the trafficking of women and children. The article also examines the measures foreseen in the law and regulations in order to prevent this crime, to punish the perpetrators, and to provide protection for the victims specifically for women and children. Finally, it concludes that the measures, though necessary, do not provide enough protection and need to be amended so that the perpetrators are being prosecuted promptly and the victims are being provided with more protection and rehabilitation.
ذاقلی، عباس؛ قاچاق انسان در سیاست جنایی ایران و اسناد بینالمللی، میزان، 1389.
گلدوزیان، ایرج و ابراهیم احمدپور؛ قاچاق انسان با رویکردی به حقوق داخلی و اسناد بینالمللی، خرسندی، 1392.
معتمدی، هادی و فرزانه مستوفیفر؛ قاچاق انسان، چالشها و راهکارهای پیشگیری، پژوهشکده تحقیقات استراتژیک، گروه پژوهشهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی، 1388.
ـ مقاله
اسلامی، رضا؛ «مقابله با سوءاستفاده و بهرهبرداری جنسی از کودکان: راهنمایی برای حمایت از کودکان در ایران»، مجموعه مقالات حقوق کودک، 1387.
بیابانی، غلامحسین؛ «قاچاق کودکان، معضلی برای همه مرزها»، فصلنامه مطالعات پلیس زن، شماره 12-11، پاییز و زمستان 1388.
حبیبزاده، محمدجعفر و همکاران؛ «قاچاق انسان در حقوق کیفری ایران، مدرس علوم انسانی»، پژوهشهای حقوق تطبیقی، دوره 13، شماره 4، زمستان 1388.
عینی، محسن؛ «تأمین امنیت، جبران خسارت و بازگشت به وطن بزهدیدگان قاچاق انسان در اسناد فراملی»، آموزههای حقوق کیفری، دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی، دوره جدید، شماره 1، بهار و تابستان 1390.
عینی، محسن؛ «حمایت از بزهدیدگان جرم قاچاق انسان در اسناد فراملی»، مجله مطالعات حقوقی، دوره سوم، شماره دوم، پاییز و زمستان 1390.
نجفی ابرندآبادی، علی حسین؛ «پیشگیری از بزهکاری و پلیس محلی»، مجله تحقیقات حقوقی، بهار و تابستان 1378، شماره 26-25.
نگهی مخلصآبادی، مرجان؛ «جهانیشدن مقابله با قاچاق انسان و تأثیر آن بر سیاست جنایی تقنینی ایران»، فصلنامه مطالعات راهبردی جهانیشدن، سال سوم، شماره ششم، زمستان 1391.
ب. انگلیسی
- Books
Kyle, David, and Rey Koslowski, Global Human Smuggling: Comparative Perspectives, JHU Press, 2011.
Lee, Maggy, ed. Human Trafficking. Routledge, 2013.
Shelley, Louise,Human Trafficking: A Global Perspective, Cambridge University Press, 2010.
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime, et al. Combating Trafficking in Persons: A Handbook for Parliamentarians, 2009.
- Articles
Askin, Kelly D., “Crimes within the Jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court”,Criminal Law Forum, vol. 10. No. 1. Springer Netherlands, 1999.
Adams, Abigail E., “Gringas, Ghouls and Guatemala: the 1994 Attacks on North American Women Accused of Body Organ Trafficking”, Journal of Latin American Anthropology, vol. 4, No. 1, 1998.
Barrett Nicole & Shaw Margaret, “Towards Human Trafficking Prevention: A Discussion Document”, International Centre for Criminal Law Reform and Criminal Justice Policy, May 2011.
Belser, Patrick, “Forced Labour and Human Trafficking: Estimating the Profits”. Available at SSRN 1838403, 2005.
Friesendorf, Cornelius, “Strategies against Human Trafficking: the Role of the Security Sector”, National Defense Academy and Austrian Ministry of Defense and Sports, Rossauer Lande 1, 2010 Wien in Cooperation with Geneva Centre for Democratic Control of Armed Forces, September 2009.
Gallagher, Anne, “Human Rights and the New UN Protocols on Trafficking and Migrant Smuggling: A Preliminary Analysis”, Human Rights Quarterly, vol. 23, No. 4, 2001.
Raigrodski, Dana, “Moving to Opportunity: Examining the Risk and Rewards of Economic Migration: Economic Migration Gone Wrong: Trafficking in Persons through the Lens of Gender, Labor, and Globalization”, Ind. Int'l & Comp. L. Rev., vol. 25, 2015.
Száraz, Krisztina, “The Role of the European Union in the Global Fight against Trafficking in Human Beings” [védés előtt]= Az Európai Unió Szerepe az Emberkereskedelem Elleni Globális Harcban. Dissertation. Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem, Budapest, 2010.
The Vienna Forum to Fight Human Trafficking, “011 Workshop: Human Trafficking for the Removal of Organs and Body Part”, 13-15 February 2008, Austria, Vienna, Background Paper.
- Documents
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms, as amended by protocols No. 11 and No. 14 Rome. 4. XI. 1950.
Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation the Prostitution of Others, approved by General Assembly resolution 317(IV) of 2 December 1949.
Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriage, office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Resolution 173 A(XVIL) of November 1996.
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women,adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 34/180 of 18 December 1979.
Convention on the Rights of the Child, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 44/25 of 20 November 1989.
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, adopted and opened for signature, ratification and accession by General Assembly resolution 2200 A(XXI) of 16 December 1966.
Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrant by Land, Sea and AirSupplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000.
Protocol to Prevent, Suppress and Punish Trafficking in Persons Especially Women and Children, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime, 2000.
The International Convention on the Protection of All Migrant Workers and Members of Their Families,adopted by General Assembly resolution 45/158 of 18 December 1990.
The Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, drafted 17 July 1998 and entry to force 1 July 2002.
The Universal Declaration of Human Rights, adopted and proclaimed by the General Assembly of the United Nations on 10 December 1948.
Eslami,R. and Abutorabi,F. (2019). Critique of Legislative Measures to Combat Human Trafficking in Iran in Light of International Human Rights Law. International Law Review, 36(61), 109-132. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2019.77040.1419
MLA
Eslami,R. , and Abutorabi,F. . "Critique of Legislative Measures to Combat Human Trafficking in Iran in Light of International Human Rights Law", International Law Review, 36, 61, 2019, 109-132. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2019.77040.1419
HARVARD
Eslami R., Abutorabi F. (2019). 'Critique of Legislative Measures to Combat Human Trafficking in Iran in Light of International Human Rights Law', International Law Review, 36(61), pp. 109-132. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2019.77040.1419
CHICAGO
R. Eslami and F. Abutorabi, "Critique of Legislative Measures to Combat Human Trafficking in Iran in Light of International Human Rights Law," International Law Review, 36 61 (2019): 109-132, doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2019.77040.1419
VANCOUVER
Eslami R., Abutorabi F. Critique of Legislative Measures to Combat Human Trafficking in Iran in Light of International Human Rights Law. International Law Review, 2019; 36(61): 109-132. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2019.77040.1419
