International Law Review

International Law Review

The Potential Impact of the ICJ’s Judgment of Certain Iranian Assets Case on the Impending Judgment in the Case Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity: A Legal Analysis

Document Type : View Point/Perspective/Opinion

Author
Hadi Azari
Associate Professor, Kharazmi University
10.22066/cilamag.2024.2024779.2527
Abstract
This paper aims to explore the potential influence of the International Court of Justice's (ICJ/ the Court) judgment delivered on March 30, 2023, in the Certain Iranian Assets Case on the upcoming judgment in the case concerning Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity between Iran and the United States. Given the Court's consistent emphasis on maintaining fidelity to its precedent, particularly in cases dealing with violations of the Treaty of Amity, it becomes imperative to assess the potential impact of the Court's previous judgment on the pending case. This assessment encompasses both the Court's decision on preliminary issues and its final judgment on the merits. As the examination of preliminary issues primarily involves legal and juridical questions, the effect of the earlier judgment on the pending case is likely to be of greater significance.
Keywords
International Court of Justice (ICJ)
Judgment of 30 March 2023
Bank Markazi
Precedent
Jurisdictional Judgment of 2019
Treaty of Amity 1955
Preliminary Objections
Articles 4 and 10 of Treaty of Amity

Subjects

  1. Alleged Violations of Sovereign Rights and Maritime Spaces in the Caribbean Sea (Nicaragua v. Colombia), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2022.
  2. Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Preliminary Objections, Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2021.
  3. Annamaria Viterbo, Annamaria, “Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America),”, International Decisions Edited by Olabisi D. Akinkugbe, American Journal of International Law, Volume 118, Issue no. 1, January 2024., 145-153.
  4. Application of the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (Croatia v. Serbia), Preliminary Objections, Judgment,C.J. Reports 2008.
  5. Arrest Warrant of 11 April 11, 2000, (Democratic Republic of the Congo v. Belgium), Judgment, I.C.J. Reports 2002.
  6. Avena and Other Mexican Nationals (Mexico v. United States of America), International Court of Justice (ICJ), 31 March 31, 2004.
  7. Bennett v. Islamic Republic of Iran, Case No. CV-11-5807-(CRB) (NJV) (N.D. Cal. Apr. 27, 2012).
  8. Schreuer, Christoph, and Stephan. Wittich, “Immunity v. Accountability: the ICJ’s Judgment in the Yerodia caseCase,”, International Law FORUM du droit international, 2022, vol. 4, no. (3), 2022, pp. 117-120.
  9. Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of 30 March, 30, 2023.
  10. Certain Iranian Assets, ibid., Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of March, 30, 2023, Separate Opinion of Judge Yusuf, pp. 1-7.
  11. Certain Iranian Assets, ibid., Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of March, 30, 2023, Separate Opinion of Judge Benouna, pp. 1-4.
  12. Certain Iranian Assets, ibid., Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of March, 30, 2023, Separate Opinion, Partly Concurring And Partly Dissenting, of Judge Robinson, pp. 1-9.
  13. Certain Iranian Assets, ibid., Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of March, 30, 2023, Declaration of Judge Salam, pp. 1-7.
  14. Certain Iranian Assets, ibid., Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of March, 30, 2023, Separate Opinion of Judge Momtaz, pp. 1-5.
  15. Certain Iranian Assets, ibid., Certain Iranian Assets (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Merits, Judgment of March, 30, 2023, Separate Opinion of Judge Nolte, pp. 1-4.
  16. District Court for the Southern District of New York in Peterson et al. v. Islamic Republic of Iran et al., Case No. 10 Civ. 4518 (BSJ) (GWG).
  17. Draft articles Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts, with commentaries, ILC 2001, (A/56/10), Yearbook of the International Law Commission, 2001, vol. II, Part Two.
  18. Draft Articles on Diplomatic Protection, ILC Yearbook 2006, vol II, part 2. Draft Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts (2001), with commentaries, Vol II. Year Book of the International Law Commission.
  19. Gilbert Guillaume, Gilbert. “The Use of Precedent by International Judges and Arbitrators,” 2 Journal of International Dispute Settlement 2, (2011.), pp. 5-23.
  20. Wouters, Jan, and Louis. De Smet, “The ICJ’s Judgment in the Case Concerning the Arrest Warrant of 11 April 11, 2000: Some Critical Observations,”, Year book Book of International Humanitarian Law 4, 2001., vol. 4, pp. 373-388.
  21. Memorial of Iran in Alleged Violations of the 1955 Treaty of Amity, Economic Relations, and Consular Rights (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America).
  22. Mohamed Shahabuddeen, Mohamed. Precedent and the World Court. (Cambridge University Press, 1996.), pp. 241.
  23. Oil Platforms (Islamic Republic of Iran v. United States of America), Preliminary Objection, Judgment, I. C. J. Reports 1996.
  24. Weinstein v. Islamic Republic of Iran, Civil Action No. 00-2601 (RCL) (D.D.C. Feb. 6, 2002).

  • Receive Date 12 March 2024
  • Revise Date 06 May 2024
  • Accept Date 11 May 2024