Since 1979, the United States has conducted a program named the U.S. Freedom of Navigation (FON) Program that seeks to counter the supposedly excessive maritime claims of coastal states around the world. These are maritime claims that the United States considers inconsistent with the law of the sea as reflected in The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS). The FON Program combines diplomatic protest and so-called operational assertions by U.S. naval air forces to challenge excessive maritime claims. Among the coastal States that have been challenged by FON operational assertions, Iran has been targeted most frequently. FON operational assertions can, in some cases, make permissible the defensive use of force. It is also necessary that Iran lodges a diplomatic protest against the United States each and every time such assertions are carried out against her.
Ranjbarian, A., & Seyrafi, S. (2015). Iran and the United States Freedom of Navigation Program. International Law Review, 32(52), 121-158. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2015.15750
MLA
Amirhossein Ranjbarian; Sassan Seyrafi. "Iran and the United States Freedom of Navigation Program". International Law Review, 32, 52, 2015, 121-158. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2015.15750
HARVARD
Ranjbarian, A., Seyrafi, S. (2015). 'Iran and the United States Freedom of Navigation Program', International Law Review, 32(52), pp. 121-158. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2015.15750
VANCOUVER
Ranjbarian, A., Seyrafi, S. Iran and the United States Freedom of Navigation Program. International Law Review, 2015; 32(52): 121-158. doi: 10.22066/cilamag.2015.15750
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