2دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق خصوصی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا، همدان
چکیده
یکی از مشخصات حقوق دریایی، وجود نظام محدودیت مسئولیت برای صاحبان کشتی‌های دریاپیماست. هدف اصلی این نظام، توسعه صنعت کشتی‌رانی و سرمایه‌گذاری روزافزون در این حوزه است. در این راستا، کمیته بین‌المللی دریایی،اقداماتی جهت یکنواخت‌سازی مقررات بین‌المللی انجام داده است که منجر به شکل‌گیری کنوانسیون بین‌المللی برای یکنواخت‌سازی مقررات خاص در ارتباط با تحدید مسئولیت صاحبان کشتی‌های دریاپیما 1924،کنوانسیون بین‌المللی راجع به تحدید مسئولیت صاحبان کشتی‌های دریاپیمایی 1957 و کنوانسیون بین‌المللی درباره تحدید مسئولیت برای دعاوی دریایی 1976و پروتکل اصلاحی آن 1996 در این حوزه شده است. ایران نیز در تیرماه 1393 به کنوانسیون تحدید مسئولیت برای دعاوی دریایی ملحق شد. الحاق ایران، گامی مؤثر در جهت پیشرفت صنعت کشتی‌رانی ایران در عرصه بین‌المللی و یکسان‌کردن مقررات مربوط به تحدید مسئولیت صاحبان کشتی‌های دریاپیما بود. مقاله حاضر در صدد است تا در پرتو کنوانسیون 1976 که اکنون ایران عضو آن است، نمایی کلی از نظام تحدید مسئولیت ارائه کند. درعین‌حال، مباحث مقاله، صرفاً به تبیین مفهوم و ضرورت پذیرش نظام تحدید مسئولیت، ذی‌نفعان مشمول و شرایط اعمال آن در کنوانسیون 1976 اختصاص دارد.
The Conditions for the Limitation of Liability of Owner of Sea-going Ships
(The Survey of International Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims 1976)
نویسندگان [English]
Feizollah Jafari, Mehrnaz Mokhtari
چکیده [English]
One of the characteristics of the maritime law is the system of limitation of liability for owners of sea-going ships. The main purpose of this system is the development of shipping industry and increasing investment in maritime law. In this regard, efforts have been made for harmonization of international rules by International Maritime Committee that has led to the formation of International Convention for the Unification of Certain Rules Relating to the Limitation of Liability of Owners of Sea-going Vessels 1924; International Convention Relating to the Limitation of the Liability of Owners of Sea-going Ships, 1957; Convention on Limitation of Liability for Maritime Claims (LLMC) 1976; and Amendment Protocol 1996 in this field. Furthermore, Iran acceded to the Convention on Limitation for Maritime Claims on 30 June 2014. The accession of Iran is an effective step in the development of shipping industry of Iran at the international scale and harmonizes the rules on limitation of liability of the owner of sea-going ships. In this article, we present the general view of the system of limitation of liability. This will be based on the Convention 1976 that Iran is a member thereof. This study will merely shed light on the concept and necessity of acceptance of limitation of liability, beneficiaries, and the conditions of its application in Convention 1976.
کلیدواژه ها [English]
Maritime Law, Limitation of Liability, Ship-owners, Convention 1976
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