کاربرد تسلیحاتی موشک‌های بالستیک از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد گروه حقوق عمومی دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران

چکیده

از زمان شلیک اولین موشک بالستیک در جهان، ماهیت جنگ برای همیشه تغییر پیدا کرد و تطورات عمیقی را در عرصه‌های نظامی و سیاسی در دنیا رقم زد. موشک‌های بالستیک، این امکان را برای یک ملت فراهم می‌کرد تا از میدان نبرد دور شوند و با مصونیت نسبیِ به­دست آمده، به عمق قلمرو دشمن حمله، و خسارات سنگینی را وارد کنند. وجه ممیز شاخص موشک بالستیک، توانایی در حمل کلاهک‌های سنگین هسته‌ای به وزن 40 مگاتن است که در کنار برد 12000 کیلومتری آن، سبب افزایش نگرانی قدرت‌های بین‌المللی شده است. به همین منظور، آنان در فقدان ملاحظات قواعد بین‌المللی خاص، اقدام به تصمیم‌گیری‌های سیاسی و انحصاری راجع به مشروعیت یا عدم مشروعیت کاربرد این سلاح کرده‌اند. آنچه در این تحقیق از نظر گذرانده می‌شود، پاسخ به چگونگی وضعیت حقوقی موشک‌های بالستیک در حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه است. یافته‌های تحقیق مبیّن آن است که علی‌رغم ماهیت قانونی موشک بالستیک، ارزیابی مشروعیت یا عدم مشروعیت کاربرد این جنگ‌افزار، منوط به بررسی داده‌های تجربی ناشی از هر رزمایش موشکی است که بدین موازات، نتیجه‌گیری کلی در خصوص وضعیت قانونی موشک بالستیک حاصل نمی‌شود مگر آنکه در هر مورد، داده‌های تجربی موشک پرتابی مورد مداقه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Analytical Survey on the Use of Ballistic Missile Weapons in International Humanitarian Law

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyyed Fazlollah Mousavi 1
  • Amir Lohrasbi 2
1 Professor, Public Law Department, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
2 MA. Student in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Since the launch of the world's first ballistic missile, the nature of warfare has changed forever, with profound military and political developments around the world. Ballistic missiles made it possible for a nation to move away from the battlefield and, with the relative immunity gained, to strike deep into the enemy's territory and inflict heavy losses. The distinctive feature of the ballistic missile is its ability to carry heavy nuclear warheads weighing 40 megatons, which, in addition to its 12,000-kilometer range, has raised concerns among international powers. To this end, in the absence of consideration of specific international rules, they have made political and exclusive decisions about the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the use of this weapon. This study tries to provide the answer to the legal status of ballistic missiles in international humanitarian law. The findings of the study indicate that, despite the legal nature of ballistic missiles, the assessment of the legitimacy or illegitimacy of the use of this weapon depends on the examination of experimental data from each missile exercise, which does not provide a general conclusion about the legal status of ballistic missiles, unless the experimental data of the launched missile be reviewed and verified.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Additional Protocol I
  • Ballistic Missile
  • International Humanitarian Law
  • Nuclear Warhead
  • Weapon
  • Experimental Data
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