مجله حقوقی بین المللی

مجله حقوقی بین المللی

حقوق مکتسب در نظام حقوقی اتحادیه اروپا

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
2 کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
چکیده
نحوه شکل‌گیری حقوق مکتسب، درک آن را مشکل کرده بود. طبق نظریه  جدید، حقوق مکتسب، حقی است که با وضع قانون شناسایی و با اجرای تابعین شکل می‌گیرد و با پذیرش نزد مراجع قضایی اعتبار می‌یابد. بدین ترتیب، حقوق مکتسب نه ­تنها در حقوق داخلی و بین‌الملل خصوصی معتبر است بلکه در حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی نیز از اعتبار عرفی برخوردار است.[1] با نگاهی به حقوق اتحادیه اروپا، طبق این نظریه ملاحظه می­ شود که حق­ هایی چون تابعیت و اقامت دائم ازجمله حقوقی هستند که به‌عنوان حقوق مکتسب شکل گرفته‌اند و حقوق مکتسب دیگری نیز از آن‌ها ناشی شده است. لذا در مواردی چون برگزیت و در توافقنامه خروج انگلیس از اتحادیه اروپا مورد احترام واقع و از تداوم آن‌ها حمایت شده است. با درک جدیدی از شکل‌گیری حقوق مکتسب می­ توان در مذاکرات بین‌المللی، ترتیبات مناسب‌تر و دقیق‌تری را برای مطالبه آن‌ها در مواردی چون خروج یک کشور از معاهده در نظر گرفت.
[1]. رحیمی­ مهر، آرش؛ اعتبار حقوق مکتسب در حقوق بین‌الملل عمومی، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین­ الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 1399.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Acquired Rights in the European Union Legal System

نویسندگان English

hasan savari 1
Arash Rahimimehr 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Law, Tarbiat Modares University
2 M.A. in International Law, Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده English

It was difficult to understand how the acquired rights were formed until the new theory made it clear that the acquired rights are rights that are recognized by the legislation and acquired by the implementation of the citizens, and are validated by acceptance by the judicial authorities. According to this theory, acquired rights are valid not only in domestic and private international law but also in public international law. Looking at the law of the European Union, through the Lens of this theory, it is obvions that rights such as citizenship and the right of permanent residence are among the rights that have been formed in the Union as acquired rights, from which other acquired rights have also arisen. Therefore, in cases such as the Brexit it has been respected and their continuation has been supported. With the new understanding that is gained from the formation of acquired rights, more appropriate and precise arrangements could be considered in international negotiations to demand in cases such as the withdrawal of a state from a treaty.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Acquired Rights
Vested Rights
Public International Law
Law of the European Union
Brexit
Customary Law
  • الف. فارسی

    ·      رحیمی ­مهر، آرش؛ اعتبار حقوق مکتسب در حقوق بینالملل عمومی، پایان‌نامة کارشناسی ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، 1399.

     

    ب. انگلیسی، فرانسوی و اسپانیولی

    - English Books

    • J., The Rule of Law in International Affairs, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1998.
    • Kontorovich, E., Inefficient Customs in International Law, The Law School, University of Chicago, 2007.
    • Lauterpacht, Sir Hersch; The Development of International Law by the International Court, 1958, cited by Jennings.
    • Mc Naire, The law of Treaties, 2nd ed., 1961.
    • Phoebus, L. Athanassiou, Shaelou, Stéphanie Laulhé; “EU Citizenship and its Relevance for EU Exit and Secession”; in Dimitry Kochenov (ed.) EU Citizenship and Federalism, The Role of Rights, Cambridge University Press, 2017.
    • Postema, G. J., Boshamer, C. C.; Custom in International Law: A Normative Practice Account, edited by Amanda Perreau-Saussine, 2007.

     

    - French & Spanish Books

    • Duguit, L.; Traité de Droit Constitutionnel, vol. II.
    • Kelsen, H.; Théorie pure du droit, Paris, 1962.
    • Remiro Brotóns, A.; Derecho internacional público. 2. Derecho de los tratados, Madrid: Tecnos, 1987.
    • Yannakopoulos, C.; La Notion de Droits Acquis en Droit Administratif Français, Librairie Générale de Droit et de Jurisprudence, Paris, 1997.

     

    - Articles

    • Ascensio, Hervé; “Termination and Suspension of the Operation of Treaties, s.5, consequence of the invalidity, termination or suspension of the operation of a treaty, Art.70 1969 Vienna Convention”; Volume II, Part V Invalidity Oxford Public International Law, (http://opil.ouplaw.com). (c) Oxford University Press, 2015.
    • Dawson, M., Augenstein, D., “After Brexit: Time for a Further Decoupling of European and National Citizenship?”, in Verfassungsblog. http://verfassungsblog.de/brexit-decoupling-european-national-citizenship/ DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17176/20160714-114950. 14 July 2016.E.
    • Fernández Tomas, A., López, G., D., “The Impact and Consequences of Brexit on Acquired Rights of EU Citizens Living in the UK and British Citizens Living in the EU-27”, Directorate-General for Internal Policies of the Union, European Parliament, study for AFCO Committee; 2017.

     

    - International Instruments

    • Agreement on the withdrawal of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland from the European Union and the European Atomic Energy Community, 19 October 2019.
    • Treaties of the European Union.
    • Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union.
    • Vienna Conventions on the Law of Treaties.
    • Waldock, Sir Humphrey; Second Report on the Law of Treaties, A/CN.4/156.
    • Wood, M.; Special Rapporteur, International Law Commission. (2014). Second Report on Identification of Customary International Law, A/CN. 4/672.

     

    - Judicial and Arbitral Awards

    • Case C-34/09 Gerardo Ruiz Zambrano v. Office national de l’emploi (ONEm) (Reference for a preliminary ruling from the tribunal du travail de Bruxelles) ECLI:EU: C:2011: 124.
    • Case No: CO/3809/2016 and CO/3281/2016. Gina Miller & others against The Secretary of State for Exiting the European Union.
    • CJEU, judgment of 16 June 1998, Racke.
    • ICJ, Barcelona Traction Case, Judgment of 5 February 1970.
    • ICJ, Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, Judgment of 30 November 2010, Merits.
    • ICJ, Ahmadou Sadio Diallo Judgment of 24 May 2007. Preliminary Objections.
    • ICJ, Ahmadou Sadio Diallo, judgment of 30 November 2010, Merits.
    • ICJ, judgment of 5 February 1970, Barcelona Traction Case.
    • PCIJ, Series A, no. 7, Certain German Interests in Polish Upper Silesia (Merits), Judgment, 25 May 1926, p 42. See also PCIJ, Series B, no. 6, German Settlers in Poland, Advisory Opinion, 10 September 1923.

     

  • تاریخ دریافت 30 شهریور 1400
  • تاریخ بازنگری 30 آبان 1400
  • تاریخ پذیرش 27 دی 1400