- Books

• Michael Erbschloe, Extremist Propaganda in Social MediaA Threat to Homeland Security, Taylor and Francis Group, 2019.
• Corneliu Bjola, James Pamment, Countering Online Propaganda and Extremism The Dark Side of Digital Diplomacy, Taylor and Francis Group, 2019.
• WHO, Preventing Violence by Developing Life Skills in Children and Adolescents, 2009.
• WHO, Violence Prevention An Invitation To Intersectoral Action,_____,

- Articles

• P. Shepherd and F. P. Rivara, "Vulnerability, Victims and Violence, J Accid Emerg Med. 1998.
• Kartika Bhatia and Hafez Ghanem, “How do Education and Unemployment Affect Support for Violent Extremism? Evidence from Eight Arab Countries”, Global Economy and Development Working Paper 102, March 2017.
• Lynn Davies, “Security, Extremism and Education: Safeguarding or Surveillance?”, British Journal of Educational Studies, Vol. 64, 2016.
• Lynn Davies, “Gender, Education, Extremism and Security”, Journal of Comparative and International Education, Vol. 38, 2008.
• Ratna Ghosh et al, “Can Education Counter Violent Religious Extremism?" Canadian Foreign Policy Journal, Vol. 23, No.2, 2017.
• Sarah Knight, et al, "Comparing the Different Behavioral Outcomes of Extremism: A Comparison of Violent and Non-Violent Extremists, Acting Alone or as Part of a Group", Journal of Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, 2019.
• UK Secretary of State for the Home Department, "Counter-Extremism Strategy", UK, 2015.
• Wilkson, Paul, "Extremist Ideologies and Movements in Democratic Societies", Policy Studies, 6, 1986.
• Youngblood, Mason, Extremist Ideology as a Complex Contagion: the Spread of Far-Right Radicalization in the United States between 2005-2017, Physics and Society Cornell University, 2020.

- International Instruments

• SC, Resolution 2511 (2020), UNDoc. S/RES/2511, 25 February, 2020.
• SC, Resolution 2482, UNDoc. S/RES/2482, 19 July, 2019.
• GA, A world against violence and violent extremism, Resolution adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2017, UNDoc. A/RES/72/241.
• GA, A World Against Violence and Violent Extremism, Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2017, UNDoc. A/RES/72/241.
• GA, Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism Report of the Secretary-General, UNDoc. A/70/674, 24 December 2015.

• GA, Human rights and preventing and countering violent extremism, Resolution adopted by the Human Rights Council on 2 October 2015, A/HRC/RES/30/15.
• UNSC, Threats to International Peace and Security Caused by terrorist Acts, Resolution 2178, UNDoc. S/RES/2178 (2014), 24 September 2014
• UNSC, Resolution 2255,UNDoc, S/RES/2255 (2015), 22 December 2015
• CCPR, General Comment No. 31, The Nature of the General Legal Obligation Imposed on States Parties to the Covenant, UNDoc. CCPR/C/21/Rev.1/Add. 13, 26 May, 2004.
• SC, Women and Peace and Security: Sexual Violence in Conflict, Resolution 2467, UNDoc. S/RES/2467, 23 April 2019.
• ESC, Concluding Observations on the Fifth Periodic Report of Uruguay, 20 July 2017, UNDoc. E/C.12/URY/CO/5.
• CRC, Concluding observations on the report submitted by Georgia under article 8 (1) of the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the involvement of children in armed conflict, 30 October 2019, UNDoc. CRC/C/OPAC/GEO/CO/1.
• CHR, Concluding observations on the second periodic report of the Niger, 16 May 2019, UNDoc. CCPR/C/NER/CO/2.
• Ohlsson, Birgitta, Action plan to safeguard democracy against violence-promoting extremism, Government communication2011/12:44, Stockholm, 8 December 2011.
• GA, Secretary-General’s Plan of Action to Prevent Violent Extremism, 9 February 2016, UNDoc. A/70/L.41.
• 16-HRC, Concluding observations on the fourth periodic report of Estonia, 18 April 2019, UNDoc. CCPR/C/EST/CO/4
• CEDAW, Concluding observations on the combined seventh and eighth periodic reports of France, CEDAW/C/FRA/CO/7-8, 25 July 2016
• HRC, Concluding observations on the second periodic report of the Niger, 16 May 2019, UNDoc. CCPR/C/NER/CO/2.
• UNESCO, DECISIONS ADOPTED BY THE EXECUTIVE BOARD AT ITS 197th SESSION, PARIS, 23 November 2015, Doc. No. 197 EX/Decisions
• UN, Resolution 2597, 17 September 2021
• Fazli, Reza, Johnson, Casey and Cooke, Peyton, Special Report on Understanding and Countering Violent Extremism in Afghanistan, United States Institute of Peace, 2015, p.380.
• RAN YF&C Academy: ‘Children growing up in extremist families’, Rome, Italy, 24-25 April 2019.
• Report of the Secretary-General on children and armed conflict in Nigeria (S/2017/304).
• 24-Handbook on Children Recruited and Exploited by Terrorist and Violent Extremist Groups: The Role of the Justice System, UNODC, Vienna, 2017.

- Internet resources

• Madiha Afzal, A global effort to counter extremism through education, Brookings, January 25, 2021, Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/ research/a-global-effort-to-counter-extremism-through-education/.
• Steadman, Leanne Erdberg, The Role of Aid and Development in the Fight Against Extremism: International assistance can undercut radicalization by addressing the grievances that extremists use to recruit, United States Institute of Peace, February 4, 2020, At: https://www.usip.org/publications/ 2020/02/role-aid-and-development-fight-against-extremism, last seen 10/9/2021.
• UNESCO, Preventing Violent Extremism, At: https://en.unesco.org/ preventingviolentextremism, last seen 10/9/2021.
• CT Strategic Communications, http://www.gsdrc.org/professional-dev/violent-extremism/, last seen 10/9/2021.
• Department of Justice, https://cve.fbi.gov/whatis/, last seen 10/9/2021.
• Faisal J. Abbas, Is It Called ‘Terrorism’ or ‘Violent Extremism? Jun 02, 2016, at: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/faisal-abbas/is-it-called-terrorism-or_b_ 7499384. html, last seen 11/9/2021.
• Terrorism and Extremism: Parents' Q&As, At: https://educateagainsthate. com/what-is-extremism/ last seen 12/9/2021.
• Mass Violence and Extremism: Information for Educators and School Administrators, A joint project of the Anti-Defamation League and START, The National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism, At: https://www.adl.org/sites/default/files/ documents/assets/pdf/combating-hate/ADL-START-Mass-Violence-and-Extremism-Backgrounder-for-Educators-and-School-Administrators.pdf last seen 15/9/2021.
• Living Safe Together At, https://www.livingsafetogether.gov.au/ resources/ Documents/cve-fact-sheet-translation-dari.pdf, last seen 15/9/2021.
• Padilla, Sarah Lyons, et al, Belonging nowhere: Marginalization & radicalization risk among Muslim immigrants, January 2016, At: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/301220983_Belonging_nowhere_Marginalization_radicalization_risk_among_Muslim_immigrants, last seen 16/9/2021.
• John Sawicki, Why Terrorists Use Female and Child Suicide Bombers, JOURNAL OF THE CATHOLIC HEALTH ASSOCIATION OF THE UNITED STATE, July-August 2016, P. 40, At: https://www.chausa.org/ docs/default-source/health-progress/why-terrorists-use-female-and-child-suicide-bombers.pdf?sfvrsn=2, last seen 16/9/2021.
• Isis calls on women to fight and launch terror attacks for first time ‘Unprecedented’ change comes as group continues to lose territory in Syria and Iraq, At: http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/isis-war-syria-iraq-women-call-to-arms-islamic-state-terror-attacks-propaganda-change-ban-frontline-a7986986.html, last seen 16/9/2021
• https://www.irna.ir/news/84274166, last seen 20/11/2021.
• Alexander Ritzmann, The Role of Propaganda in Violent Extremism and how to Counter It, EuroMed Survey Violent Extremism in the Euro-Mediterranean Region, Radicalisation Awareness Network (RAN) Communication and Narratives (C&N) Working Group, https://www.iemed.org/ publication/the-role-of-propaganda-in-violent-extremism-and-how-to-counter-it/, last seen 24/11/2021.
• افراط‌گرایی مذهبی در قرقیزستان: دلایل ظهور و سناریوهای احتمالی، موسسة مطالعات راهبردی شرق، 16 آذر 1395، تاریخ مراجعه 1 آذر 1400،

http://www.iess.ir/fa/analysis/664/

• هدایت، محمد؛ جلوگیری از افراط‌گرایی در مراکز آموزش عالی کشور، روزنامة افغانستان ما، 22 اسد 1397، تاریخ آخرین مراجعه 1 آذر 1400،

http://dailyafghanistan.com/opinion_detail.php?post_id=144506

• UNESCO, Preventing Violent Extremism, At: https://en.unesco.org /preventingviolentextremism, last seen 21/9/2021.
• Report Suspicious Activity, At: https://act.campaign.gov.uk/. Last seen 21/10/2021.

Ohlsson, Birgitta, Action plan to safeguard democracy against violence-promoting extremism, Government communication, Stockholm, 8 December 2011.

• Report Suspicious Activity, At: https://act.campaign.gov.uk/
• Ahmad, Henschke, Alastair Reed, Toward an Ethical Framework for Countering Extremist Propaganda Online, Studies in Conflict & Terrorism, Taylor and Francis Online, 8 March 2021, available at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1057610X.2020.1866744?journalCode=uter20, last seen 23/11/2021.
• https://en.unesco.org/preventingviolentextremism
• Bandyopadhyay, Madhumita, Education of marginalized groups in India: From the perspective of social justice, First Published June 1, 2006, At: http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/004908570603600207, last seen 16/9/2021.
• Right to Education Initiative (RTE), http://www.right-to-education.org/ issue-page/marginalised-groups

• WHO, who.int/violenceprevention/about/intersectoral_action.pdf, last seen 16/9/2021.