معیار سببیّت و تعیین غرامت ناشی از تخلف از شروط معاهدات سرمایه‌گذاری بین‌المللی در پرتو رویّه داوری سرمایه‌گذاری

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده حقوق دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

2 دانشگاه ازاد- علوم و تحقیقات-دانشکده حقوق

چکیده

این مقاله در صدد یافتن ضابطة جبران خسارت وارده به سرمایه‌گذار خارجی ناشی از نقض معاهدة بین‌المللی دو یا چندجانبة سرمایه‌گذاری در مواردی غیر از سلب مالکیت است. مطالعة رویة داوری به‌عنوان منبع مهم حقوق سرمایه‌گذاری خارجی نشان می‌دهد که به‌طور کلی میزان غرامت در این موارد با توجه به ضابطة جبران خسارت مندرج در رأی پروندة کارخانة کورزو و نیز موازین مربوطه در طرح مسئولیت بین‌المللی دولت‌ها تعیین می‌شود. در مورد نحوة اعمال این ضابطه، اگر نقض شروط معاهده منجر به سلب مالکیت شده باشد، غرامت قابل پرداخت، همانند سلب مالکیت غیرمشروع محاسبه می‌شود. در غیر این صورت، میزان غرامت با توجه به رابطة سببیت میان رفتار متخلفانة دولت میزبان و خسارات وارده به سرمایه‌گذار تعیین می‌شود. علی­رغم انسجام نسبی آرای محاکم در مورد ضابطة تعیین میزان غرامت در این موارد، نحوة احراز رابطة سببیت در رویة داوری سرمایه‌گذاری به­شدت متشتت بوده و به پیش‌بینی­پذیری نظام داوری سرمایه‌گذاری آسیب می‌زند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The Standard of Causation and Compensation for Non-Expropriatory Breaches of International Investment Agreements in the Investment Arbitration Practice

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan FARAJ MEHRABI 1
  • Mohsen Mohebi 2
2 Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Law,, Tehran
چکیده [English]

This article aims to discover the standard of compensation for damages caused to foreign investors due to the non-expropriatory violations of bilateral or multilateral International Investment Agreements (IIA). A review of the investment arbitration practice as an important source of Foreign Investment Law, reveals that the amount of compensation in these cases is determined according to the standard put forward by the PCIJ in Chorzów Factory case as well as the relevant standards of the ILC Articles on Responsibility of States for Internationally Wrongful Acts. In cases where the violation of the IIA has amounted to expropriation, the payable compensation to the aggrieved investor would be determined in the same manner as an unlawful expropriation. In other cases, however, the assessment of compensation lies in the existence of a causal link between the wrongful act of the Host State and the damages caused to the investor. Despite the relative coherence of the arbitral tribunals’ rulings regarding the compensation standard in non-expropriatory violations in similar cases, this article concludes that the method by which the causal link is examined by arbitral tribunals remains utterly inconsistent, which can undermine the coherence and predictability of the international investment arbitration system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • International Investment Law
  • Compensation
  • Non-Expropriatory Violations
  • Chorzów Factory
  • Causal Link
  • Investment Arbitration Practice
  1. منابع:

    الف. فارسی

    ـ کتاب

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