2دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین الملل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تهران شمال
تاریخ دریافت: 11 دی 1395،
تاریخ بازنگری: 05 بهمن 1395،
تاریخ پذیرش: 23 بهمن 1395
چکیده
حق بر تابعیت، یکی از حق‌های بنیادین و اساسی بشری محسوب شده و از آن به‌عنوان «حق بر داشتن حقوق» تعبیر می‌شود. امروزه این موضوع که هر کشوری بر اساس قوانین داخلی خود، شرایط کسب و سلب تابعیت خود را تعیین می‌کند، اصل پذیرفته‌شدة بین‌المللی شده است. با اوج‌گیری حملات تروریستی در سال‌های اخیر و متعاقب آن، تصویب قوانین سلب تابعیت با هدف مجازات چنین اعمالی ازجمله در فرانسه و همچنین اقدام دولت بحرین در سلب تابعیت مخالفین سیاسی آن کشور، مقاله حاضر به دنبال پاسخ به این سؤال است که آیا مجازات سلب تابعیت از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل مشروعیت دارد؟ سلب تابعیت درصورتی‌که با رعایت سه قاعده عرفی بین‌المللی منع خودسرانه‌بودن، منع تبعیض و اجتناب از بی‌تابعیتی همراه باشد، مشروع، و در صورت مغایرت با این قواعد، نامشروع خواهد بود. اقدام دولت بحرین نیز با توجه به خودسرانه و تبعیض‌آمیزبودن، نامشروع است. رویه دولت‌ها مبنی بر عدم تمایل به سلب تابعیت به‌عنوان مجازات، در حال تغییر است.
The Legitimacy of Deprivation of Nationality as a Punishment from the Perspective of International Law by Analyzing the Government of Bahrain’s Action
نویسندگان [English]
Reza Mousazadeh1؛ Hamed Golijani Moghaddam2
1Associate Professor in International Law, Faculty of International Affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs
2Corresponding Author, Ph.D. student in International Law, Islamic Azad University, North Tehran Branch
چکیده [English]
The right to nationality is the basic and fundamental human rights and it may be interpreted as the right to have rights. Nowadays, the fact that each State determines the conditions of acquisition or loss of its nationality according to its own laws has become an internationally accepted principle. With the increase in terrorist attacks in recent years and the subsequent legislation on the laws of deprivation of nationality aimed at punishing such actions, including in France, as well as the government of Bahrain’s actions in deprivation of the nationality of its political opponents, the present article seeks to answer the question of whether the ban on deprivation of nationality is legitimate under international law? Deprivation of nationality is legitimate if it abides by the three rules of customary international law including the prohibition of arbitrary deprivation of nationality, non-discrimination and avoidance of statelessness and in case of violation of these rules would be illegitimate. Bahrain's government action is illegitimate due to its arbitrary and discriminatory nature. States practice for unwillingness toward the deprivation of nationality as a punishment is changing.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
Keywords: International Law, Deprivation of Nationality, human rights, Statelessness, The Prohibition of Arbitrary Deprivation of Nationality
مراجع
الف. فارسی
ارفع‌نیا، بهشید؛ حقوق بین‌الملل خصوصی، تابعیت اقامتگاه و وضع بیگانگان، جلد اول، چاپ سوم، بهتاب،1382.
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سلجوقی، محمود؛ بایسته‌های حقوق بین‌الملل خصوصی، چاپ چهارم، میزان، 1385.
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