مجله حقوقی بین المللی

مجله حقوقی بین المللی

تخریب میراث فرهنگی سوریه توسط داعش و راهکارهای مقابله با آن در حقوق بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
پوریا عسکری 1
حمید مسعودی کوشک 2
1 نویسنده مسئول، استادیار دانشکده حقوق و علوم سیاسی دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی
2 کارشناسی‌ ارشد حقوق بین‌الملل از دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
10.22066/cilamag.2018.31686
چکیده
بحران سوریه از وجوه مختلفی قابل مطالعه و بررسی است. البته بدیهی است که از دریچه حقوق بین‌الملل، آنچه در این بحران، بسیار مشهود و بارز به نظر می‌رسد، نقض گسترده و همه‌جانبه حقوق بشردوستانه و ایراد آسیب و صدمات سنگین به غیرنظامیان و مردم عادی است که جان و مال و خانه و کاشانه خود را به دلیل جنگی خانمان­سوز از دست دادند و آن‌ها که خوش­اقبال‌تر بودند، به جستجوی رهایی از ترس و جنگ، آوارة سایر کشورهای نزدیک و دور شدند. از سوی دیگر، جنگ سوریه، میراث فرهنگی غنی این کشور را که روزی میراثی جهانی محسوب می‌شد، به تلّی از خاک تبدیل کرده تا یادآور گوشه‌ای از جنایاتی باشد که در این جنگ بر مردم سوریه روا داشته شد.
در میان بازیگران مختلفی که در این مخاصمه گسترده دخیل هستند، گروه افراطی داعش است که در کارنامه جنایات متعدد خود، تخریب و غارت آثار و میراث فرهنگی سوریه را نیز درج کرده است؛ میراثی که بی‌تردید، به‌عنوان میراث بشری مورد حمایت حقوق بین‌الملل بوده و نابودی و چپاول آن از ابعاد مختلف به­مثابه جنایت جنگی و جنایت علیه بشریت است. در این مقاله، با اشاره به فجایع رخ­داده برای میراث فرهنگی سوریه، راهکارهای حقوق بین‌الملل در برخورد با این مصائب، جستجو شده‌ است.
 
 
کلیدواژه‌ها
واژگان کلیدی داعش
میراث فرهنگی سوریه
جنایت جنگی
جنایت علیه بشریت
حمایت

عنوان مقاله English

International Law and the Destruction of Syria’s Cultural Heritage by ISIS

نویسندگان English

Pouria Askari 1
Hamid Masoudi Koushk 2
1 Corresponding Author, Assistant Professor in International Law, Faculty of Law and Political Science, Allameh Tabataba’i University
2 Master of International Law, Tarbiat Modarres University
چکیده English

The article provides an overview of ISIS attacks against the cultural heritage of Syria and classifies these attacks as war crimes and crimes against humanity. The cultural property as defined in this article are protected under many international law instruments such as the Hague Convention of 1954 and its 1999 Additional Protocol but the question to be answered is the applicability of the international treaties to non-state actors involved in contemporary armed conflicts such as ISIS.
To answer this question, the authors have studied a wide range of international documents such as the Resolutions of the UNSC and Awards rendered by international criminal tribunals and finally have reached a positive answer to the above-mentioned question. The article also contains some practical alternatives to deal with violations of IHL committed by non-state armed groups.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Keywords: ISIS
Syria
Cultural Heritage
war crimes
Crimes against Humanity
Protection

  • الف. فارسی

    ـ کتاب

    • فروغی، فضل‌الله و کیوان غنی؛ «جنایت جنگی علیه میراث فرهنگی در مخاصمه مسلحانه سوریه»، مطالعات حقوق کیفری و جرم‌شناسی، دوره 2، شماره 4و 5، پاییز و زمستان 1394.
    • کسسه، آنتونیو؛ حقوق کیفری بین‌المللی، ترجمه: حسین پیران، اردشیر امیر‌ارجمند و زهرا موسوی، جنگل، 1387.
    • ممتاز، جمشید و فریده شایگان؛ حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه در برابر چالش‌های مخاصمات مسلحانه عصر حاضر، شهر دانش، 1393.
    • هنکرتز، ژان ماری و لوئیس دوسوالدبک؛ حقوق بین‌الملل بشردوستانه عرفی، ترجمه: قوه قضاییه و کمیته بین‌المللی صلیب سرخ، مجد، 1391.

     

    ب. انگلیسی

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  • تاریخ دریافت 08 شهریور 1395
  • تاریخ بازنگری 10 مهر 1395
  • تاریخ پذیرش 06 دی 1395