مشروعیت و آستانه جدایی چاره ساز درحقوق بین الملل

ویسی چمه, محمد; عزیزی, ستار

doi:10.22066/cilamag.2019.78316.1428

مشروعیت و آستانه جدایی چاره ساز درحقوق بین الملل

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانشجوی دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

² دانشیار دانشکده علوم انسانی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان

10.22066/cilamag.2019.78316.1428

چکیده

پاسخ به مسئله مشروعیت جدایی یکجانبه، در حقوق بین‌الملل قراردادی یافت نمی‌شود. ازاینرو باید حکم این موضوع را در حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی جستجو کرد. به علت اختلافنظر جدی در رویه دولت‌ها و نظریات علمای حقوق، به نظر می‌رسد که باید از رویه‌قضایی داخلی (به‌عنوان یکی از مظاهر برجسته عملکرد دولت‌ها) و رویه‌قضایی بین‌المللی استفاده کرد. بررسی آرای داخلی و رویه کمیسیون آفریقایی حقوق بشر و مردم، حاکی از پذیرش نظریه جدایی چاره‌ساز در پاسخ به مشروعیت جدایی یکجانبه است. در خصوص آستانه موردنظر جهت تحقق جدایی چاره‌ساز نیز میان دولت‌ها و حقوق‌دانان اختلاف‌نظر وجود دارد. رویه‌قضایی از میان دو آستانه بالا و متوسط، آستانه اخیر را پذیرفته است و ملهم از شرط محافظ مندرج در اعلامیه روابط دوستانه، انکار نظام‌مند مشارکت «مردم» را در اداره امور محلی و ملی و تبعیض گسترده علیه آن‌ها برای ایجاد حق جدایی کافی می‌داند. در هر حال، جدایی یکجانبه باید آخرین راه چاره باشد. در این مقاله، مشروعیت و آستانه لازم جهت حصول حق جدایی چاره‌ساز بررسی میشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Legitimacy and Remedial Secession Threshold in International Law

نویسندگان [English]

Mohammad Veisi Chameh ¹
Sattar Azizi ²

¹ PhD student in International Law, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamadan

² Associate Professor, Faculty of Humanities, University of Bu Ali Sina, Hamadan

چکیده [English]

Regarding legitimacy and requisite threshold which must be met to create the remedial secession, there is yet no consensus between the views of jurists and countries. Some countries are led to believe that the very existence of people should be threatened by the central government and genocide or crimes against humanity must be committed against them. But most of the countries and jurists including the authors who are inspired by safeguarding clause included in the Declaration of Friendly Relations consider systematic denial in people`s participation in managing local affairs and extensive discrimination against them adequate for making the right to secession.
By all means, unilateral secession should be considered as a last remedy and resort and there should be no alternative for maintaining territorial integrity. In this article, legitimacy and required threshold for achieving remedial secession will be discussed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

The Right of Self-Determination
the Right of External Self-Determination
Remedial Secession
Unilateral Declaration
Judicial Precedence
Verification of Customary Rules
Non-colonial Situation

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