The Legal System of Exploiting International Water Resources (Case Study: Harirud River) رژیم حقوقی بهره برداری از منابع آبی رودخانه های بین المللی (مورد مطالعه: هریرود)

شریفی کیا, محمد علی; مشهدی, علی

doi:10.22066/cilamag.2024.2017781.2488

The Legal System of Exploiting International Water Resources (Case Study: Harirud River) رژیم حقوقی بهره برداری از منابع آبی رودخانه های بین المللی (مورد مطالعه: هریرود)

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

محمد علی شریفی کیا ¹

علی مشهدی ²

¹ دانشجو دکتری، گروه حقوق بین الملل، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، ایران، قم.

² دانشیار، دانشکده حقوق، دانشگاه قم، ایران، قم.

10.22066/cilamag.2024.2017781.2488

چکیده

رودخانه هریرود با ماهیتی بین المللی مابین کشور های افغانستان، ایران و ترکمنستان مشترک بوده و معاهده ای نیز در خصوص تقسیم منابع آبی آن میان این کشور ها وجود ندارد. از طرفی در سال های اخیر افغانستان به عنوان کشور بالادست با حرکت به سمت سیاست هدروهژمون در منطقه، توسط سد های مختلفی که پس از احداث سد دوستی توسط ایران و ترکمنستان ساخته، به وسیله مهار و انحراف جریان آب این رودخانه از حق آبه کشور های پایین دست کاسته است، که با توجه به اهمیت بالای منابع آب هریرود برای ایران، این قیبل رفتار ها از سوی افغانستان می تواند در آینده نزدیک باعث بروز اختلافات و بوجود آمدن مخاطرات امنیتی در بین این کشور ها شود. از این رو، این پژوهش با رویکرد توصیفی-تحلیلی، با توجه به اسناد حقوقی بین‌المللی در زمینه اشتراک منابع آبی، به بررسی موضوع می‌پردازد. در نهایت، یافته ها حاکی از آن است که بهترین و کاربردی ترین روش برای بهره برداری از منابع آبی هریرود مبتنی بر تئوری حاکمیت سرزمینی محدود و اجرای اصل استفاده معقول و منصفانه از منابع آبی مشترک توسط افغانستان،و بدون آسیب رساندن به دولت های پایین دست است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

رودخانه بین المللی هریرود

اصل استفاده معقول و منصفانه

اصل منع آسیب جدی

حقوق بین الملل آب

اصل ارزیابی آثار زیست محیطی

هیدروهژمون

موضوعات

حقوق بین الملل محیط زیست

عنوان مقاله English

The Legal System of Exploiting International Water Resources (Case Study: Harirud River)

نویسندگان English

Mohammad Ali Sharifi Kia ¹

Ali Mashhadi ²

¹ Ph.D. student, Faculty of International Law, School of Law , University of Qom, Iran, Qom.

² Associate professor, faculty of law, university of Qom, Iran, Qom.

چکیده English

Harirud river with an international nature is shared between Afghanistan, Iran and Turkmenistan and currently there is no treaty among these states regarding the division of its water resources. In recent years, after the construction of the Doosti Dam by Iran and Turkmenistan, Afghanistan, as an upstream state is moving towards hydro-hegemonic policy in the region by building various dams which restrain and divert the water flow of this river in order to decrease the downstream countries’ water rights. On the other hand, due to the high importance of Harirud water resources for Iran, continuing this type of behavior by Afghanistan might cause conflicts and create security risks among these countries in the near future. Therefore, employing a descriptive-analytical approach, the study aims at examining the issue according to international legal documents in the field of sharing common water resources. Finally, the findings indicate that the best and most practical method for exploitation of Harirud water resources is based on the theory of limited territorial sovereignty and implementation of the principle of equitable and reasonable utilization of common water resources by Afghanistan, without causing significant harm to downstream states.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Harirud River basin

Principle of Equitable and Reasonable Utilization

Principle of No Significant Harm

International Water Law

Sharing of Water Resources

Environmental Impact Assessment

Hydro-Hegemonic Policy

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