تحریم وزیر امور خارجة ایران توسط ایالات متحده از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل

عابدینی, عبدالله

doi:10.22066/cilamag.2021.114343.1792

تحریم وزیر امور خارجة ایران توسط ایالات متحده از منظر حقوق بین‌الملل

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسنده

عبدالله عابدینی

عضو هیئت علمی پژوهشکده تحقیق و توسعه علوم انسانی (سازمان سمت)

10.22066/cilamag.2021.114343.1792

چکیده

در تاریخ 31 ژوئیه 2019 وزارت خزانه‌داری ایالات متحده اعلام کرد که وزیر امور خارجة ایران بر اساس فرمان اجرایی 13876 مورخ 24 ژوئن 2019 در فهرست تحریمی این کشور قرار گرفته است. دلیل این امر، کمک به پیشبرد مقاصد رهبر ایران در سیاست خارجی عنوان شده است. بر اساس حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی، وزیر خارجه در کنار رئیس دولت و رئیس حکومت در زمره مقامات عالی‌رتبة دولتی محسوب می شود که در حقوق بین‌الملل از مصونیت برخوردارند. مبنای اعطای مصونیت به رئیس دولت، احترام به حاکمیت بر اساس اصل برابری کشورها و همچنین، مبنای اعطای مصونیت به رئیس‌ حکومت و وزیر امور خارجه، انجام هرچه بهتر و مؤثرتر وظایف محوله است. در این خصوص می‌توان به‌طور خاص به مصونیت از تعقیب و رسیدگی کیفری و حقوقی و مصونیت از اجرای تصمیمات محاکم کشور خارجی اشاره کرد. ایالات متحده در عمل مدعی است که مصونیت وزیر خارجة ایران را نقض نکرده و حتی پس از درج نام وزیر خارجه در فهرست تحریمی، اجازة حضور وی را به‌رغم اعمال برخی محدودیت‌های مجاز، به مقر سازمان ملل متحد ارائه کرده است. بنابراین، تحریم هدفمند مورد بحث، منجر به نقض تعهد بین‌المللی ایالات متحده در چارچوب مصونیت وزیر خارجه نشده است. این نوشتار ضمن مروری بر قلمرو تعهد مصونیت مقامات دولتی، نسبت میان تحریم هدفمند و مصونیت وزیر خارجة ایران را در پرتو اقدام اخیر ایالات متحده بررسی می کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Sanction of Iran’s Minister of Foreign Affairs by the United States under International Law

نویسنده [English]

Abdollah Abedini

Faculty Member of the Institution for Research and Development in the Humanities (SAMT)

چکیده [English]

On July 31, 2019, United States Secretary of the Treasury declared that Iran’s Minister of Foreign Affairs has been sanctioned under the Executive Order 13876 dated June 24, 2019. Contribution in pursuing the Iranian leader’s foreign policy was the reason indicated for this action. Head of States, Head of Governments and Ministers of Foreign Affairs are among high ranking State officials who enjoy immunity under customary international law. Respect for sovereignties based on the principle of sovereign equality of States as the basis of the Head of States immunity and the effective performance of Head of Governments and Minister of Foreign Affairs’ functions are considered as raison d'être of immunities afforded to them. Immunity from civil and criminal jurisdiction and execution of foreign courts’ decisions are among those immunities. The US contests that the immunity of Iran’s Minister of Foreign Affairs has not been breached; particularly after imposing sanctions, he was allowed to enter to the United Nations Headquarters while imposing certain authorized restrictions on his movement. Hence, this targeted sanction would not violate the US obligations regarding immunity. This article tries to explore through examining the scope of the rule of State official’s immunity, the relationship between US targeted sanctions and the immunity of Iran’s Minister of Foreign Affairs.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Immunity
United States
Iran
Sanction
Customary International Law

مراجع

الف. فارسی

ـ کتاب
- ‌کدخدایی، عباسعلی و علی داعی؛ سلب مصونیت دولت ایران در محاکم ایالات متحده، معاونت حقوقی ریاست جمهوری، 1390.
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ـ مقاله
- عبدالهی، محسن، زوبین نصیری محلاتی و علی نواری؛ «دستبرد قانونی: تاراج اموال ایران در امریکا»، همشهری، 1395.
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