سازوکارهای نظارت بر رعایت تعهدات و اجرا در موافقت‌نامه پاریس

امینی, اعظم; دریادل, احسان

doi:10.22066/cilamag.2019.35079

سازوکارهای نظارت بر رعایت تعهدات و اجرا در موافقت‌نامه پاریس

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ نویسنده مسئول، عضو هیئت علمی دانشکده حقوق‌وعلوم‌سیاسی دانشگاه فردوسی

² دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه شیراز

10.22066/cilamag.2019.35079

چکیده

موافقت‌نامه پاریس، سیستم نظارتی را وضع کرده است که برای تضمین اجرای مؤثر مقررات خود و نیز ارزیابی پیشرفت جمعی در جهت اهداف بلندمدت موافقت‌نامه ضروری است. این سیستم در قالب اطلاع‌رسانی، شفافیت، همکاری و مساعدت به‌عنوان بخشی از عنصر بالا به پایین ساختار دوگانه موافقت‌نامه عمل می‌کند. سیستم نظارتی موافقتنامه به دو روش 1) دریافت اطلاعات از طریق پایش، گزارش‌دهی و راستیآزمایی و 2) ایجاد سازکار ارتقای رعایت و تسهیل اجرای تعهدات عمل میکند. در روش اول، تمامی تعهداتی که دولتها به‌صورت متمایز و بنا بر ظرفیتشان بر عهده گرفتهاند، شفاف‌سازی و پیشرفت جمعی آنها در بررسی جامع جهانی ارزیابی میشود. در روش دوم، سازکار ارتقای رعایت و تسهیل اجرای تعهدات، بهترتیب به بررسی عدم رعایت تعهدات الزامآور و عدم اجرای تعهدات غیرالزامآور توسط دولتهای عضو در موافقتنامه میپردازد. پژوهش حاضر به روش دگماتیک قواعد حقوقی موجود را در مورد رعایت و اجرای تعهدات موافقتنامه پاریس، بررسی و تحلیل میکند. نتایج پژوهش حاضر با توجه به نوع تعهدات در موافقتنامه پاریس، غیرخصمانه و غیرتنبیهیبودن اقدامات آتی در سازکارهای اجرایی را اثبات میکند و نشان میدهد پیوستن به موافقتنامه پاریس، سبب برقراری تحریمهای جدید علیه ایران نمیشود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Supervision Mechanisms on Compliance and Implementation in the Paris Agreement

نویسندگان [English]

Azam Amini ¹
Ehsan Daryadel ²

¹ Corresponding author, faculty member of Ferdowsi University of Mashhad

² M.A. in international law at Shiraz University

چکیده [English]

Paris Agreement has developed a Supervisory System that is necessary for ensuring effective implementation of its provisions and also assessing collective progress towards its long-term goals. This system acts in the framework of communication, transparency, cooperation,and contribution as the top-down component of the binary structure of the agreement. This supervisory system operates in two approaches: 1) receiving information through Monitoring, Reporting, Verification (MRV) and 2) developing a mechanism for promoting compliance and facilitating implementation. In the first approach, all obligations taken by States on a differentiated basis and according to their different capabilities will be transparent and their collective progress will be assessed in global stocktake and in the second approach, the mechanism will examine non-compliance to legally binding obligations and non-implementation of non-binding obligations by parties to the agreement. The present study will analyze the existing legal provisions on compliance and implementation in the Paris Agreement based on dogmatic method. Considering the type of obligations in the Paris Agreement, the results prove future actions in compliance mechanism not being adversarial and punitive and indicate that joining the Paris Agreement would not result in imposing new sanctions against Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Paris Agreement
Climate Change
Compliance Mechanism to Promote and Facilitate the Implementation
Transparency
Global Stocktake

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