مجله حقوقی بین المللی

مجله حقوقی بین المللی

منع حمله به تأسیسات هسته ای با تأکید بر حملۀ آمریکا به تأسیسات هسته ای ایران

نوع مقاله : علمی پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی دوره دکتری حقوق بین‌الملل دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد مراغه، مراغه، ایران
2 دانشیار پژوهشگاه علوم و فنون هسته ای تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه حقوق دانشگاه شهید مدنی آذربایجان، تبریز، ایران
10.22066/cilamag.2026.2067043.2760
چکیده
از آنجا که جمهوری اسلامی ایران در حال انجام مذاکرات هسته‌ای با ایالات متحدة امریکا بود، عملیات «چکش نیمه‌شب» (2025) ایالات متحده امریکا به دلیل ترکیب «جنگ و مذاکره» نه‌تنها حمله به تأسیسات تحت نظارت آژانس بین‌المللی انرژی اتمی و نقض اصل منع توسل به زور محسوب می­شود، بلکه نقض آشکار مادۀ 26 عهدنامۀ وین و ماده 6 معاهدة منع گسترش سلاح­های هسته­ای یعنی مذاکرات توأم با حسن‌نیت نیز تلقی می­شود. با توجه به اینکه جلوگیری از تبدیل‌شدن تأسیسات هسته‌ای به­ عرصة نبرد از منظر حقوق بین­الملل بسیار مهم و حیاتی است، حملة نظامی ایالات متحدة امریکا به تأسیسات هسته‌ای ایران، پرسش‌های جدی در مورد نقض آشکار هنجارهای بین‌المللی تثبیت‌شده مطرح می‌کند. این تحقیق به ­دنبال پاسخ به این پرسش اساسی است که حملة نظامی ایالات متحده امریکا به تأسیسات هسته‌ای ایران در چارچوب قواعد حقوق بین­الملل چه وضعیت حقوقی داشته و آیا استناد به دفاع مشروع پیش­دستانه یا پیشگیرانه می‌تواند در چارچوب حقوق بین‌الملل عرفی و قراردادی قابل توجیه باشد؟ نتایج تحقیق نشان می­دهد که در صورت نبود شواهد روشن مبنی بر حملة قریب‌الوقوع یا مجوز شورای امنیت سازمان ملل، حملة ایالات متحدة امریکا اقدامی غیرقانونی و تجاوزکارانه است. به­علاوه اقدام امریکا مصداق بارز یکجانبه­گرایی و نقض آشکار ضمانت اجرای تخلف از مقررات پادمان مبتنی بر نظام امنیت دسته­جمعی است؛ نظامی که در آن، احراز تخلف و نقض تعهدات پادمانی بر عهدة شورای حکام و تعیین اقدامات اتخاذی و چگونگی اِعمال مجازات برای نقض تعهدات هسته­ای در صلاحیت شورای امنیت قرار دارد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Prohibition of attacks on nuclear facilities, emphasizing the US attack on Iran's nuclear facilities

نویسندگان English

Valiollah Nasiri 1
Saleh Rezaei Pishrobat 2
Hojjat Salimi Turkmani 3
1 Ph.D. Student in International Law, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh Branch, Maragheh, Iran
2 Associate professor, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate professor of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
چکیده English


Given that preventing nuclear facilities from becoming battlefields during armed conflicts is very important and vital from the perspective of international law, the United States military attack on Iran's nuclear facilities raises serious questions about the clear violation of established international norms. This research, using a descriptive-analytical method and using documentary sources, seeks to answer this fundamental question: what is the legal status of the United States military attack on Iran's nuclear facilities within the framework of international law and whether the preemptive or preventive use of force can be considered as legitimate legal defense within the framework of customary and contractual international law? The results of the research show that in the absence of clear evidence of an imminent attack or authorization by the UN Security Council, the United States attack is an illegal and aggressive act. In addition, the US action is a clear example of unilateralism and a clear violation of the guarantee of implementation of the violation of safeguards provisions based on the collective security system. A system in which the Board of Governors is responsible for determining violations and violations of safeguards obligations, and the Security Council is responsible for determining the measures to be taken and how to apply penalties for violations of nuclear obligations.
.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Nuclear Facilities
Armed Conflicts
Principle of Prohibition of the use of Force
Aggression
International Humanitarian Law
Self-Defense
منابع:
الف. فارسی
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